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nescript/examples/README.md

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# NEScript Examples
## Quick Start
```bash
# Build the compiler
cargo build --release
# Compile all examples
for f in examples/*.ne; do cargo run -- build "$f"; done
# Or compile one
cargo run -- build examples/hello_sprite.ne
```
Open any `.nes` file in an NES emulator ([Mesen](https://www.mesen.ca/), [FCEUX](https://fceux.com/), etc.)
## Examples
| File | Features | Description |
|------|----------|-------------|
| `hello_sprite.ne` | input, draw | Move a sprite with the d-pad |
| `bouncing_ball.ne` | if/else, variables | Auto-bouncing sprite with edge detection |
| `coin_cavern.ne` | states, functions, constants | 3-state game with gravity and coin collection |
| `arrays_and_functions.ne` | arrays, functions, while | Enemy array with collision detection |
| `state_machine.ne` | on enter/exit, transitions | Multi-state flow with timers |
cleanup: fix silent miscompiles and delete dead code exposed by code review Two correctness bugs were silently producing wrong ROMs: - `x << n` / `x >> n` always shifted by 1, regardless of `n`, because the IR lowering for `BinOp::ShiftLeft`/`ShiftRight` hardcoded the count. Now eval_const the RHS into a compile-time count; fall back to a new `IrOp::ShiftLeftVar` / `ShiftRightVar` (runtime loop) when the amount isn't constant. Strength reduction folds the variable form back to a fixed count once the optimizer knows the value. - `x / n` / `x % n` always returned 0, because the lowering emitted `LoadImm(t, 0)` for `BinOp::Div`/`Mod` with a comment saying the runtime call was "TODO for now". Added real `IrOp::Div` and `IrOp::Mod`, wired them through use-counting and DCE, gave codegen `__divide`-based implementations, and taught strength reduction to rewrite power-of-two divisors into shifts and modulo-by-2ⁿ into AND masks. Constant folding now handles `Mul`/`Div`/`Mod`/shifts too, which were previously left for the codegen to emit inefficient software calls. Dead code removed (no backward-compat shims kept): - `src/debug/` entirely. `DebugSymbols`, `SourceMap`, and the Mesen/.sym emitters had no callers outside their own tests; `main.rs` never wrote a symbol file. Documented the intent in `docs/future-work.md` so it comes back intentionally if needed. - `ErrorCode::E0202` (invalid cast) and `E0403` (unreachable state): defined, formatted, and marked `#[allow(dead_code)]` but never emitted. W0104 now carries the unreachable-state semantics too. - `Level::Info`: never constructed. - `load_background` / `set_palette` statements and their `BackgroundDecl` / `PaletteDecl` parser support: parsed and silently dropped by IR lowering (`// TODO: implement in asset pipeline`). Removed keywords, AST variants, parser paths, analyzer arms, and tests. `docs/future-work.md` documents the runtime palette/nametable design for when it comes back. Doc cleanup: - `docs/architecture.md` was describing files that don't exist (`analyzer/types.rs`, `optimizer/const_fold.rs`, `codegen/regalloc.rs`, `rom/header.rs`, `debug/symbols.rs`, …). Rewrote it to match the real flat `mod.rs` + `tests.rs` layout and the real pipeline order. - `docs/future-work.md` was a hybrid of open work and "recently completed" entries that duplicated the active stubs at the top of the file. Collapsed to just the gaps that are actually still open. - `README.md` claimed Mesen symbol export and 210 tests; updated both. - `docs/language-guide.md` and `spec.md` described `palette` decls, `set_palette` / `load_background`, `debug.overlay`, and error codes that were never emitted. Trimmed. - Stale comments on `Statement::Play`/`StartMusic`/`StopMusic` claimed the audio subsystem was "a no-op at codegen time". Tests: - Regression tests for every fix above (`lower_shift_left_with_literal _count_uses_that_count`, `lower_shift_right_with_variable_count _uses_runtime_variant`, `lower_divide_emits_div_op_not_load_imm _zero`, `lower_modulo_emits_mod_op_not_load_imm_zero`, `strength_reduce_div_by_power_of_two`, `strength_reduce_mod_by _power_of_two`, `strength_reduce_shift_var_with_constant_amount`). - Renamed the `program_with_sprites_and_palette` integration test (which was exercising the now-removed `load_background`/`set_palette`) to `program_with_inline_sprite_chr`. `examples/sprites_and_palettes.ne` lost its `palette`/`set_palette` usage. Nothing in the emulator test presses A, so the headless jsnes render shouldn't move, but the golden may need regeneration via `UPDATE_GOLDENS=1` if it does. https://claude.ai/code/session_012fKB251HvEUQwG3tizFyqt
2026-04-13 02:47:37 +00:00
| `sprites_and_palettes.ne` | sprites, scroll, cast | Inline CHR data, PPU scroll writes, type casting |
| `mmc1_banked.ne` | MMC1, banks, multiply | Banked mapper with software multiply |
## Emulator Controls
| NES Button | Typical Key |
|------------|-------------|
| D-pad | Arrow keys |
| A | Z |
| B | X |
| Start | Enter |
| Select | Right Shift |
## About Sprites
Sprite names in `draw Player at: (x, y)` are parsed and recorded in the AST.
You can define sprites with inline CHR tile data:
```
sprite Player {
chr: [0x3C, 0x42, 0x81, 0x81, 0x81, 0x81, 0x42, 0x3C,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00]
}
```
If no matching sprite declaration exists, the draw uses the built-in default
tile (a smiley face). See `sprites_and_palettes.ne` for a full example.
## Compiler Commands
```bash
# Compile to ROM
cargo run -- build game.ne
# Custom output path
cargo run -- build game.ne --output my_game.nes
# Type-check only
cargo run -- check game.ne
# View generated 6502 assembly
cargo run -- build game.ne --asm-dump
# Debug mode
cargo run -- build game.ne --debug
```