mirror of
https://github.com/imjasonh/nescript
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9 commits
| Author | SHA1 | Message | Date | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Claude
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548787ac8a
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W0110 inline fallback warning + docs refresh
W0110: when a function marked `inline` has a body shape the IR
lowerer can't splice (conditional early return, loops, nested
control flow, empty void body), the analyzer now emits a
warning at the declaration site so the declined hint is
visible instead of silently falling back to a regular JSR.
Implementation:
- New `W0110` error code in `src/errors/diagnostic.rs` (warning level).
- New `pub fn can_inline_fun(return_type, body) -> bool` in
`src/ir/lowering.rs`, extracted from the existing capture
logic so the analyzer and the IR lowerer share the same
eligibility rules and can never drift.
- New `check_inline_declinability` analyzer pass called from
the tail of `analyze_program`, mirroring the existing
`check_sprite_scanline_budget` / `check_unreachable_states`
passes. Emits W0110 with help + note text pointing at the
two accepted body shapes.
- `capture_inline_bodies` now defers to `can_inline_fun`
instead of duplicating the match pattern, so the two sides
stay in lockstep by construction.
Four regression tests in `src/analyzer/tests.rs` cover the
conditional-return and while-loop declines plus the two
accepted shapes (single-return expression, void sequence).
Example source cleanups: `wrap52` in `examples/war/deck.ne`
and `abs_diff` in both `examples/arrays_and_functions.ne` and
`examples/loop_break_continue.ne` drop the `inline` keyword.
All three were dead hints — the `inline` was being silently
declined before this change, so removing it is source-only;
the three ROMs are byte-identical, all 32 emulator goldens
still match.
Docs refresh
- `docs/language-guide.md`: rewrote the Inline Functions section
(real behaviour + W0110), added W0105/W0106/W0107/W0108/W0109/
W0110 to the warnings table, added the `debug.sprite_overflow*`
builtins + sprite-per-scanline mitigations section to the
Debug Mode docs, added a `cycle_sprites` statement entry and
cross-referenced it from `draw`.
- `docs/nes-reference.md`: fleshed out the "NEScript Memory
Usage" block with the full ZP + high-RAM layout, including
the new `$07EF` / `$07FC` / `$07FD` slots for sprite cycling
and the debug sprite-overflow telemetry.
- `docs/future-work.md`: documented all four debug query
builtins in the "What ships today" block; updated the open
"OAM allocation strategy" question to reference the shipped
`cycle_sprites` path and ask about an automatic-flicker
game attribute as a follow-up.
- `docs/architecture.md`: updated the `ir/` and `optimizer/`
module summaries to describe real inline splicing (now
in lowering, not the optimizer).
- `README.md`: reframed the `inline` bullet from "hint" to
"real splicing for single-return / void-body shapes";
expanded the debug-support bullet to mention the four
query builtins and their stripping in release builds; added
a new bullet for the three-layer sprite-per-scanline
mitigations; bumped the test count from 497 → 694; updated
the war.ne entry to mention the seven compiler bugs are all
fixed and point readers at `git log` (instead of the
deleted COMPILER_BUGS.md).
- `examples/README.md`: same `git log`-pointing rewrite for
the war.ne entry.
Deletions
- `examples/war/COMPILER_BUGS.md` is removed. All seven
catalogued bugs are fixed; the file's historical value
lives in `git log` now. Every source-code comment and doc
reference to the file has been updated to either point at
`git log` or just describe the bug in place.
Test count: 616 unit + 75 integration + 3 doctests = 694 total.
Clippy / fmt clean. 32/32 emulator goldens match.
https://claude.ai/code/session_0143dTgh3UeRrtfHgQwzcv5z
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Claude
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5e5bed39a5
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sprite-per-scanline: add cycle_sprites runtime flicker + debug telemetry
W0109 (shipped last commit) catches the 8-sprites-per-scanline
hardware limit at compile time for static layouts, but the
dynamic case — enemy formations, projectile clusters, animated
NPCs where coordinates come from variables — was still silent.
This change adds two layers of defense on top of W0109:
Layer 2: `cycle_sprites` runtime flicker intrinsic
New keyword statement that rotates the OAM DMA start offset
one slot per call. When called once per `on frame`, the PPU's
sprite evaluation picks up a different subset of the 12+
overlapping sprites each frame, so the permanent-dropout
failure mode becomes visible flicker — the classic NES
technique used by Gradius, Battletoads, and every shmup.
Implementation:
- Lexer keyword `KwCycleSprites` and parser production.
- AST `Statement::CycleSprites(Span)`.
- `IrOp::CycleSprites` lowered by the IR pass.
- Codegen emits `LDA $07EF / CLC / ADC #4 / STA $07EF` with
natural u8 wrap, plus a one-shot `__sprite_cycle_used`
marker label the first time it fires.
- Linker detects the marker and switches `gen_nmi` to the
cycling variant, which reads the rotating offset from
`$07EF` into OAM_ADDR before the DMA instead of writing
a literal 0. Programs that don't call `cycle_sprites`
skip the marker and get byte-identical ROM output.
Layer 3: debug-mode sprite overflow telemetry
Mirrors the frame-overrun pair (`debug.frame_overrun_count` /
`debug.frame_overran`). In debug builds the NMI handler reads
`$2002` at the top of vblank, masks bit 5 (the PPU's sprite
overflow flag), and if set bumps a cumulative counter at
`$07FD` plus a sticky bit at `$07FC`. The sticky bit clears
on every `wait_frame`.
New debug builtins:
- `debug.sprite_overflow_count()` → u8 peek of $07FD
- `debug.sprite_overflow()` → u8 peek of $07FC (sticky bit)
The hardware flag has well-known quirks but is correct for
the overwhelming majority of cases and costs ~15 cycles per
frame to sample. Release builds emit no overflow-check code
at all, so the four bytes at `$07EF` / `$07FC`-`$07FD` stay
free for user allocation.
Related changes:
- `gen_nmi` now takes an `NmiOptions` struct. Four bool
parameters tripped clippy's `fn_params_excessive_bools`.
- CLI `build` now renders analyzer warnings on a successful
build. Previously warnings were silently dropped unless
the user also ran `nescript check`, which made W0109
effectively invisible to CI and local dev alike. Existing
pre-existing W0103 / W0106 warnings on `coin_cavern`,
`mmc3_per_state_split`, `sprites_and_palettes` surface
too — not regressions, just now visible.
New example: `examples/sprite_flicker_demo.ne`
Draws 12 sprites into a 4-pixel band, W0109 fires at compile
time with nine labels pointing at the offenders, and a
`cycle_sprites` call at the end of `on frame` turns the
hardware dropout into flicker. The committed emulator golden
captures one frame of the cycling pattern (deterministic).
Tests:
- `runtime::tests::nmi_debug_mode_samples_sprite_overflow`
- `runtime::tests::nmi_sprite_cycle_variant_reads_rotating_offset`
- `ir_codegen::*::debug_sprite_overflow_count_loads_07fd`
- `ir_codegen::*::debug_sprite_overflow_flag_loads_07fc`
- `ir_codegen::*::wait_frame_clears_sprite_overflow_sticky_in_debug_mode`
- `ir_codegen::*::wait_frame_release_does_not_touch_sprite_overflow_sticky`
- `ir_codegen::*::cycle_sprites_emits_marker_and_add4`
- `ir_codegen::*::cycle_sprites_marker_dedup_across_multiple_calls`
- `ir_codegen::*::program_without_cycle_sprites_emits_no_marker`
- `analyzer::*::accepts_debug_sprite_overflow_builtins`
- `analyzer::*::rejects_unknown_debug_method_lists_all_four_known_names`
- `analyzer::*::accepts_cycle_sprites_statement`
Docs: `examples/war/COMPILER_BUGS.md` §4 now describes all three
layers (W0109, `cycle_sprites`, debug telemetry) with reasoning
for when each applies. `README.md` and `examples/README.md` add
the new example to their tables.
All 32 emulator goldens still match — the cycling is opt-in
and programs that don't call `cycle_sprites` or enable debug
mode are byte-identical to the pre-change output.
https://claude.ai/code/session_0143dTgh3UeRrtfHgQwzcv5z
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Claude
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d6cb84a5bd
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compiler: close out bug #4 (W0109 sprite-per-scanline) and bug #5 (real inlining)
Fixes the last two deferred compiler bugs catalogued in examples/war/COMPILER_BUGS.md, finishing the bug-cleanup arc on the War branch. Bug #5 — `inline fun` inliner Previously the `inline` keyword was parsed into `FunDecl.is_inline` and then dropped on the floor: every call site emitted a regular `JSR` through the $04-$07 transport slots. Now the IR lowerer captures inline function bodies up front in `LoweringContext::capture_inline_bodies` and rewrites call sites at lowering time. Two body shapes are supported: 1. Single-return expression — the body is re-lowered in place of the `Call` op with the parameter names substituted to fresh IR temps for each argument. 2. Void multi-statement body whose every statement is one of Assign/Call/Draw/Scroll/SetPalette/LoadBackground/WaitFrame/ Play/StartMusic/StopMusic/InlineAsm/RawAsm/DebugLog/DebugAssert — the statements are spliced into the caller's block with the same parameter substitution machinery. Control-flow-heavy inline bodies (conditional early returns, loops, transitions) fall back to a regular out-of-line call with no diagnostic. That's predictable and documented in the bug-tracking doc. Nested inline expansion uses a substitution-frame stack so an inline calling another inline sees the right arguments. A codegen follow-up was needed because bug #3's scope-qualified local names broke `{result}` substitution in inline asm. The codegen now tracks `current_fn_scope_prefix` per function and the InlineAsm op tries the qualified name first before falling back to the bare name. Bug #4 — W0109 sprite-per-scanline static check Adds a new warning code W0109 and an analyzer pass `check_sprite_scanline_budget` that walks each state's `on_frame` handler, collects literal-coordinate `draw` statements (including metasprite expansion via dx/dy offsets), and iterates scanlines 0..240 to count how many 8x8 sprites overlap each line. When a scanline has > 8, the analyzer emits W0109 with labels pointing at each offending draw site plus a help message about staggering y-rows and a note explaining the hardware dropout. Non-literal coordinates are skipped (static analysis can't resolve them). Nested `if`/`while`/`for`/`loop` blocks are unioned conservatively. Tests added src/ir/tests.rs - inline_fun_expression_body_emits_no_call_at_use_site - inline_fun_void_body_statements_are_spliced - inline_fun_with_conditional_return_compiles_as_regular_call - inline_fun_nested_inlines_substitute_correctly src/analyzer/tests.rs - analyze_sprite_scanline_budget_warns_over_eight - analyze_sprite_scanline_budget_ok_when_staggered - analyze_sprite_scanline_budget_skips_dynamic_coords - analyze_sprite_scanline_budget_expands_metasprites - analyze_sprite_scanline_budget_recurses_into_if COMPILER_BUGS.md Bugs #4 and #5 marked **FIXED** in the status table, with full reproduction/root-cause/fix/regression-test write-ups updated in place. All seven catalogued bugs now have shipped fixes. Artifact churn - examples/war.nes and examples/inline_asm_demo.nes rebuild byte-shifted (different JSR targets post-inliner). - tests/emulator/goldens/war.audio.hash shifts from 143660f to 13443e28 — the inliner removes JSRs to set_phase, which nudges NMI sampling timing. No pixel diff; behavior is unchanged. https://claude.ai/code/session_0143dTgh3UeRrtfHgQwzcv5z |
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Claude
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76dd8eacb0
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compiler: fix three scoping bugs; war: revert all local/param workarounds
Three related scoping bugs from examples/war/COMPILER_BUGS.md,
all fixed in one pass because they're different layer
manifestations of the same "flat global namespace" problem:
## §3: function-local `var` declarations lived in one namespace
`src/analyzer/mod.rs::register_var` inserted every `var` it
saw — top-level, state-local, AND function-body local — into
the same `self.symbols: HashMap<String, Symbol>`. Two different
functions declaring `var i` collided on E0501, which is why
every local in war/*.ne had a function-prefix like `dfa_card`
or `dwp_px`.
Fix: add a `current_scope_prefix: Option<String>` to the
Analyzer, set it to `Some("<fn_name>")` when checking a
function body (or `Some("Title__frame")` for state handler
bodies), and have `register_var` store the declaration under
an internal key `"__local__{prefix}__{name}"`. New
`resolve_symbol` / `resolve_key` helpers try the
scope-qualified key first and fall back to the bare key for
globals / consts / enum variants / state-level vars / function
names. Every existing `self.symbols.get(name)` inside
body-checking code was swapped over.
Two `var i` declarations inside the SAME function body still
collide with E0501 — we scoped per function body, not per
nested block. Per-block scoping would require live-range
analysis to reuse RAM slots.
## §1b: same-named params across functions shared VarIds
`src/ir/lowering.rs::get_or_create_var` looked up names in a
single global `var_map`, so two functions both with a `card:
u8` parameter resolved to the same `VarId`. Whichever function
was lowered last won the zero-page slot mapping, silently
rerouting the other function's param reads to the wrong slot.
Fix: the IR lowerer now mirrors the analyzer's scope logic.
`LoweringContext` gains a `current_scope_prefix` field that
gets set in `lower_function` / `lower_handler`, and
`get_or_create_var` uses a new `scoped_key` helper that
prepends `"__local__{prefix}__"` when the qualified key exists
in `var_map` or `var_types`. Each function's parameters and
locals therefore get distinct VarIds, and the codegen's
`var_addrs` map naturally has no collisions.
## §2: param transport slots $04-$07 clobbered across nested JSRs
Parameters were passed AND kept in `$04-$07` for the lifetime
of a function. Any nested call overwrote those slots with its
own arguments, so the caller's params were silently corrupted
as soon as it invoked anything. Every war helper that took
params and called other helpers (draw_card_face, push_back_a,
etc) snapshotted its params into fresh locals at the top of
the body.
Fix: in `codegen/ir_codegen.rs::IrCodeGen::new`, every
function-local — including parameters — now gets a dedicated
per-function RAM slot at `$0300+`. Parameters are still passed
via the zero-page transport slots `$04-$07` as the calling
convention, but `gen_function` now emits a **prologue** at
every function entry:
LDA $04
STA <param_0_addr>
LDA $05
STA <param_1_addr>
... etc, up to 4 ...
By the time the body runs, every parameter lives in the
function's dedicated RAM slot, so any nested call can freely
clobber $04-$07 (writing its own arguments there) without
corrupting the caller's saved parameters. Costs 4 LDA/STA
pairs (≈ 20 bytes of ROM, 16 cycles) at every function entry
— worth it to make the calling convention sound.
## War cleanup
With all three fixes in place, every workaround prefix in
`examples/war/*.ne` is gone:
- `card_rank(card)` instead of `card_rank(crk_c)` — bug #1b
- `compare_cards(a, b)` instead of `compare_cards(cmp_a, cmp_b)`
- `push_back_a(card)` instead of `push_back_a(pba_in)` — bug #1b
- `var card: u8 = draw_front_a()` in bury_from_* — bug #3
- `var i: u8 = 0` freely in multiple functions — bug #3
- `fun push_back_a(card)` body no longer snapshots `card` into
`pba_card` before calling wrap52 — bug #2
- `fun draw_card_face` body no longer snapshots x/y/card into
locals before calling card_rank/card_suit — bug #2
- `draw_word_player` steps its own x without needing a
`dwp_px` accumulator to avoid the `x + N` arg compilation
quirk — that quirk was a downstream symptom of bug #2 and
is also gone
The source is now about 300 lines shorter and significantly
more readable.
## Regression tests
Seven new tests nail these bugs down:
- `analyzer::tests::analyze_allows_same_local_name_in_two_functions`
- `analyzer::tests::analyze_allows_same_param_name_in_two_functions`
- `analyzer::tests::analyze_allows_same_local_name_in_two_state_handlers`
- `analyzer::tests::analyze_still_rejects_duplicate_local_in_same_function`
- `codegen::ir_codegen::gen_function_prologue_spills_params_to_local_ram`
Plus the four param-arity tests from the earlier E0506 fix
and the wide_hi-leak regression test from the previous
compiler fix. Total suite: 591 unit tests, all passing.
## Golden drift
The prologue change adds a few cycles to every function entry,
which shifts NMI sampling by a handful of cycles and flips
the audio-hash of any example that plays sfx or music
(platformer, war). `arrays_and_functions.png` also picks up a
1-pixel shift in its enemy positions due to the same timing
drift. All three golden updates are pure "compiler produces
different but functionally-identical output" — no game
behavior changed.
## What's still open in COMPILER_BUGS.md
- §4: 8-sprites-per-scanline hardware limit is invisible to
user code. A static analyzer hint could help; deferred.
- §5: `inline` keyword is silently declined for short
functions that the optimizer's inliner doesn't recognize
(it only removes empty functions). Deferred pending a real
single-return-expression inlining pass.
https://claude.ai/code/session_0143dTgh3UeRrtfHgQwzcv5z
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Claude
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e10d09db76
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examples/war: redesign card art — opaque bodies, 16x16 pips, checkerboard back
The first-pass card tiles were riddled with palette-0 transparent pixels that let the felt background bleed through every rank glyph, small suit, and big pip. At arm's length the cards looked like they had green specks eating them. This commit rewrites all of the card art from scratch: - **Opaque card bodies.** Every pixel inside a card tile is now either white (palette 2), red (1), or black (3). No `.` values anywhere on a face or back tile. The green felt only shows outside the card rectangle, where it should. - **Readable rank glyphs.** The 13 rank tiles (A, 2-9, 10, J, Q, K) are now drawn as bold black strokes on a solid white body. The "holes" of the letters (e.g. the triangle inside an "A") are white, not transparent. - **16x16 big pips.** The big centre pip is now a 4-tile (16x16) shape split into TL/TR/BL/BR quadrants per suit. Previously it was a 2-tile (16x8) half-height strip that looked cramped. The TL/TR quadrants kept their existing tile indices (28-35) so the shift is local; the new BL/BR quadrants are appended after the BIG WAR letters at tiles 88-95 to avoid renumbering the entire alphabet / digits / UI tile range. - **Distinct suit shapes.** Spade is a smooth teardrop with a short stem and base; heart is two symmetric lobes with a V bottom; diamond is a clean rhombus; club is three circles joined over a stem. Side-by-side they are unmistakable. - **Clean checkerboard card back.** The old card back was a diamond lattice that had the same transparent-bleed problem and looked noisy anyway. Replaced with a crisp 2-pixel black- and-white checkerboard that tiles seamlessly across the card back's 16x24 footprint. - **draw_card_face now emits 6 sprites in a rank/suit + 4-tile big-pip layout.** The previous 6-sprite layout was `[rank][ssuit] / [pipL][pipR] / [blankL][blankR]`; the new one is `[rank][ssuit] / [pipTL][pipTR] / [pipBL][pipBR]` with the bottom row carrying the bottom half of the big pip instead of being wasted blank tiles. Also: - New constants TILE_PIP_TL_BASE / TR / BL / BR replace the old TILE_PIP_L_BASE / TILE_PIP_R_BASE in constants.ne. - Refreshed war.nes and the goldens. Every emulator harness test still passes (31/31). https://claude.ai/code/session_0143dTgh3UeRrtfHgQwzcv5z |
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Claude
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9137b1f713
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examples/war: polish pass + README entry + plan close-out
End-of-implementation polish for the War example after the compiler bugs were fixed: - Title state now calls draw_big_war_banner instead of inlining 12 draws — same pixel output, fewer lines. - P_WAR_BURY redraws the previous round's face-up cards while the noise thumps fire so the table doesn't look empty for 24 frames between the WAR banner and the new face-ups. - Drop draw_word_war from render.ne (orphaned by the BIG WAR metasprite). - Refresh comments in background.ne (now references the real felt tile) and deal_state.ne (drop the stale FRAMES_DEAL_STEP reference now that the deal pace is hard-coded at 2 frames). - README.md and examples/README.md gain a war row. - PLAN.md marks every implementation step complete and records the design revisions made along the way. - Refresh the war audio hash to match the new ROM (the title screen helper change shifts one frame of pulse-2 timing enough to flip the FNV-1a). The frame-180 PNG is unchanged. https://claude.ai/code/session_0143dTgh3UeRrtfHgQwzcv5z |
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Claude
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4e8e349d7c
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ir: clear wide_hi between functions to fix 16-bit op aliasing
The IrLowerer's wide_hi map records "this u8 temp's high byte lives at this other temp" pairs whenever a 16-bit value is produced. Both lower_function and lower_handler reset next_temp to 0 at the start of each function, but neither cleared wide_hi — so stale (low_id -> high_id) entries from earlier functions leaked into subsequent ones. When a fresh function reused those temp IDs for unrelated u8 expressions, is_wide() returned spurious true and widen() handed back stale (lo, hi) pairs whose hi happened to coincide with the *next* temp ID fresh_temp() was about to allocate. The result was 16-bit IR ops (CmpEq16 in particular) where the destination temp aliased one of the source operand high bytes — for War this made `match phase` arms past P_WIN_B impossible to enter and the game would freeze with both face-up cards on the table forever. Fix: clear wide_hi alongside the next_temp reset in both lower_function and lower_handler. Adds a regression test (ir::tests::wide_hi_does_not_leak_between_functions) that constructs a function whose body has no u16 ops but follows a function that does, and asserts no CmpEq16 op aliases its dest with an operand high byte. Also: - Convert the war Playing state's phase machine from an if-chain to a `match`, which is what tripped this bug to the surface (it was lurking in earlier ROMs too but their layouts never produced the dest/source collision shape). - Refactor begin_draw_a/b to set fly_card / fly_face_up via globals before calling arm_fly, since arm_fly only takes 4 params (the v0.1 ABI limit, now diagnosed by E0506). - Hoist the P_RESOLVE comparison result to the global pf_result to dodge the param-clobbering issue documented in examples/war/COMPILER_BUGS.md §2. - Document the bug as item #6 in COMPILER_BUGS.md with a minimal repro and reproducer-test pointer. - Refresh the war golden + audio hash to match the new ROM. https://claude.ai/code/session_0143dTgh3UeRrtfHgQwzcv5z |
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Claude
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8ababdcec4
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examples/war: working end-to-end War card game
A complete, playable port of the card game War: title screen with 0/1/2 player menu, animated deal, sliding cards, deck-count HUD, a "WAR!" tie-break with buried cards, and a victory screen with a fanfare. Source split across examples/war/*.ne (constants, assets, audio, deck/queue logic, RNG, render helpers, and one state file per game state) and pulled in via examples/war.ne. Drives nearly every NEScript subsystem at once: custom 88-tile sprite sheet (card frames, ranks, suits, font, BIG WAR letters); felt background nametable; pulse-1 / pulse-2 / noise sfx; looping march on pulse 2; an 8-bit Galois LFSR PRNG; queue-based decks that conserve cards across rounds; a phase machine inside the Playing state that handles draw/reveal/win/war/check; and an autopilot that boots straight into 0-PLAYERS mode so the headless jsnes harness captures real gameplay at frame 180. While building this I uncovered five compiler bugs / limitations in the v0.1 implementation; each is documented with a minimal reproduction, root cause, current workaround, and proposed fix in examples/war/COMPILER_BUGS.md. The most painful was the parameter-VarId aliasing one (#1b) — two functions sharing a parameter NAME end up sharing a single zero-page slot mapping across the whole program. Once those compiler bugs are fixed, the workarounds in war/*.ne should be reverted in the same PR. https://claude.ai/code/session_0143dTgh3UeRrtfHgQwzcv5z |
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Claude
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86db78a31f
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examples/war: add implementation plan for the War card game
Living design doc for a production-grade War example: file layout under examples/war/, sprite/tile/RAM budgets, card encoding, RNG + shuffle strategy, state machine shape, audio design, and a 12-step implementation checklist. The plan itself will be updated in-flight as each step lands. https://claude.ai/code/session_0143dTgh3UeRrtfHgQwzcv5z |